The concepts and laws applicable to hybrid threats, with a special focus on Europe

Abstract In this paper, the consequences of lack definition so-called hybrid threats is explored. Special attention was paid to importance work already completed by North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and European Union (EU) regarding ever evolving types actions associated with in so called grey zone. The latter can be thought as activities undertaken one state that are harmful another, albeit not legal acts war, sometimes referred a malevolent manifestation concept peace. vastly different experiences democratic authoritarian states acting zone also examined. addition, law applicable studied determine if framework sufficiently adapted repel state-sponsored non-state-sponsored threats. use Convention on Human Rights struggle against Europe limits how parties react established treaty analysed. Lastly, international rules attribution responsibility difficulties their application respect considered. This article structured two parts. first part explores difficulty defining threats, while second presents used counter such both at levels.